Linux Command Line Tutorial For Beginners 36 - tar command to Compress a...
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TAR(1) BSD General Commands Manual TAR(1)
NAME tar — The GNU version of the tar archiving utility
SYNOPSIS tar [-] A --catenate --concatenate | c --create | d --diff --compare | --delete | r --append | t --list | --test-label | u --update | x --extract --get [options] [pathname ...]
DESCRIPTION Tar stores and extracts files from a tape or disk archive.
The first argument to tar should be a function; either one of the letters Acdrtux, or one of the long function names. A function letter need not be prefixed with ``-'', and may be combined with other single-letter options. A long function name must be prefixed with --. Some options take a parameter; with the single-letter form these must be given as sep‐ arate arguments. With the long form, they may be given by appending =value to the option.
FUNCTION LETTERS Main operation mode:
-A, --catenate, --concatenate append tar files to an archive
-c, --create create a new archive
-d, --diff, --compare find differences between archive and file system
--delete delete from the archive (not on mag tapes!)
-r, --append append files to the end of an archive
-t, --list list the contents of an archive
--test-label test the archive volume label and exit
-u, --update only append files newer than copy in archive
-x, --extract, --get extract files from an archive
OTHER OPTIONS Operation modifiers:
-[0-7][lmh] specify drive and density
-a, --auto-compress use archive suffix to determine the compression program
--acls Enable the POSIX ACLs support
--no-acls Disable the POSIX ACLs support
--add-file=FILE add given FILE to the archive (useful if its name starts with a dash)
--anchored patterns match file name start
--no-anchored patterns match after any '/' (default for exclusion)
--atime-preserve preserve access times on dumped files, either by restoring the times
--no-auto-compress do not use archive suffix to determine the compression program
-b, --blocking-factor BLOCKS BLOCKS x 512 bytes per record
-B, --read-full-records reblock as we read (for 4.2BSD pipes)
--backup backup before removal, choose version CONTROL
-C, --directory DIR change to directory DIR
--check-device check device numbers when creating incremental archives (default)
--no-check-device do not check device numbers when creating incremental archives
--checkpoint display progress messages every NUMBERth record (default 10)
--checkpoint-action=ACTION execute ACTION on each checkpoint
--delay-directory-restore delay setting modification times and permissions of extracted
--no-delay-directory-restore cancel the effect of --delay-directory-restore option
--exclude=PATTERN exclude files, given as a PATTERN
--exclude-backups exclude backup and lock files
--exclude-caches exclude contents of directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG,
--mode=CHANGES force (symbolic) mode CHANGES for added files
--mtime=DATE-OR-FILE set mtime for added files from DATE-OR-FILE
-n, --seek archive is seekable
-N, --newer, --after-date DATE-OR-FILE only store files newer than DATE-OR-FILE
--newer-mtime=DATE compare date and time when data changed only
--null -T reads null-terminated names, disable -C
--no-null disable the effect of the previous --null option
--numeric-owner always use numbers for user/group names
-O, --to-stdout extract files to standard output
--occurrence process only the NUMBERth occurrence of each file in the archive;
--old-archive, --portability same as --format=v7
--one-file-system stay in local file system when creating archive
--overwrite overwrite existing files when extracting
--overwrite-dir overwrite metadata of existing directories when extracting (default)
--no-overwrite-dir preserve metadata of existing directories
--owner=NAME force NAME as owner for added files
-p, --preserve-permissions, --same-permissions extract information about file permissions (default for superuser)
-P, --absolute-names don't strip leading '/'s from file names
--pax-option=keyword[[:]=value][,keyword[[:]=value]]... control pax keywords
--posix same as --format=posix
--preserve same as both -p and -s
--quote-chars=STRING additionally quote characters from STRING
--no-quote-chars=STRING disable quoting for characters from STRING
--quoting-style=STYLE set name quoting style; see below for valid STYLE values
-R, --block-number show block number within archive with each message
--record-size=NUMBER NUMBER of bytes per record, multiple of 512
--recursion recurse into directories (default)
--no-recursion avoid descending automatically in directories
--recursive-unlink empty hierarchies prior to extracting directory
--remove-files remove files after adding them to the archive
--restrict disable use of some potentially harmful options
--rmt-command=COMMAND use given rmt COMMAND instead of rmt
--rsh-command=COMMAND use remote COMMAND instead of rsh
-s, --preserve-order, --same-order member arguments are listed in the same order as the
-S, --sparse handle sparse files efficiently
--same-owner try extracting files with the same ownership as exists in the ar‐ chive (default for superuser)
--no-same-owner extract files as yourself (default for ordinary users)
--no-same-permissions apply the user's umask when extracting permissions from the archive (default for ordinary users)
--no-seek archive is not seekable
--selinux Enable the SELinux context support
--no-selinux Disable the SELinux context support
--show-defaults show tar defaults
--show-omitted-dirs when listing or extracting, list each directory that does not match search criteria
--show-snapshot-field-ranges show valid ranges for snapshot-file fields
--show-transformed-names, --show-stored-names show file or archive names after transformation
--skip-old-files don't replace existing files when extracting, silently skip over them
--sparse-version=MAJOR[.MINOR] set version of the sparse format to use (implies --sparse)
--strip-components=NUMBER strip NUMBER leading components from file names on extraction
--suffix=STRING backup before removal, override usual suffix ('~' unless overridden by environment variable SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX)
-T, --files-from FILE get names to extract or create from FILE
--to-command=COMMAND pipe extracted files to another program
--totals print total bytes after processing the archive;
--transform, --xform EXPRESSION use sed replace EXPRESSION to transform file names
-U, --unlink-first remove each file prior to extracting over it
--unquote unquote filenames read with -T (default)
--no-unquote do not unquote filenames read with -T
--utc print file modification times in UTC
-v, --verbose verbosely list files processed
-V, --label TEXT create archive with volume name TEXT; at list/extract time, use TEXT as a globbing pattern for volume name
--volno-file=FILE use/update the volume number in FILE
-w, --interactive, --confirmation ask for confirmation for every action
-W, --verify attempt to verify the archive after writing it
--warning=KEYWORD warning control
--wildcards use wildcards (default for exclusion)
--wildcards-match-slash wildcards match '/' (default for exclusion)
--no-wildcards-match-slash wildcards do not match '/'
--no-wildcards verbatim string matching
-X, --exclude-from FILE exclude patterns listed in FILE
--xattrs Enable extended attributes support
--xattrs-exclude=MASK specify the exclude pattern for xattr keys
--xattrs-include=MASK specify the include pattern for xattr keys
--no-xattrs Disable extended attributes support
-z, --gzip, --gunzip --ungzip
-Z, --compress, --uncompress
ENVIRONMENT The behavior of tar is controlled by the following environment variables, among others:
TAR_LONGLINK_100
PRISTINE_TAR_COMPAT
SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX Backup prefix to use when extracting, if --suffix is not speci‐ fied. The backup suffix defaults to `~' if neither is specified.
TAR_OPTIONS Options to prepend to those specified on the command line, sepa‐ rated by whitespace. Embedded backslashes may be used to escape whitespace or backslashes within an option.
TAPE Device or file to use for the archive if --file is not specified. If this environment variable is unset, use stdin or stdout instead.
EXAMPLES Create archive.tar from files foo and bar. tar -cf archive.tar foo bar List all files in archive.tar verbosely. tar -tvf archive.tar Extract all files from archive.tar. tar -xf archive.tar
SEE ALSO tar(5), symlink(7), rmt(8)
HISTORY The tar command appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX.
BUGS The GNU folks, in general, abhor man pages, and create info documents instead. Unfortunately, the info document describing tar is licensed under the GFDL with invariant cover texts, which makes it impossible to include any text from that document in this man page. Most of the text in this document was automatically extracted from the usage text in the source. It may not completely describe all features of the program.
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